ms essays

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Get A Guide To Writing A Medical Health Essay

Get A Guide To Writing A Medical Health EssayUGA Essay samples and other coursework development materials can be helpful in preparing for and completing a degree. A good university such as the University of Georgia has many guides and sample courses to help you with your degree requirements.The exact course you will be taking will be determined by the specific field or career path you are pursuing. Your next step would be to make sure that the school you are considering offers the best possible program. You will then be able to choose from different topics to study, such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, English, foreign languages, and more.Among the UGA coursework that are available are a variety of medical insurance essays. These are typically divided into four sections: Health Care Policy, Health Insurance, Professional Responsibility, and Medical Writing for Health Care Professionals. In order to write a successful medical insurance essay, you will need to know what these topic s are and how to use them to your advantage.Professional liability insurance is a topic that is often very confusing and even frustrating. For one thing, the details of the liability are quite complicated. To ensure you fully understand the policy before writing an essay on it, read through the details of the policy and work through each paragraph until you have fully grasped the points.Medical marketing essays are similar to the medical insurance essay, but they focus on the product or service you sell, not the procedure you perform. You must include important details about your market and how your product or service helps it grow and flourish. This topic is also crucial for helping you market yourself as a well-rounded medical marketer.Medical engineering essays typically focus on the company you are affiliated with, your engineering skills, and what you hope to accomplish in the medical industry. If you plan to pursue a career in technology, you will want to give careful consider ation to this area of study. They will need to determine whether or not your engineering skills will fit with their company's goals.In many cases, students do not think about their career options until after they graduate, especially when it comes to health care issues. You will find many types of health care essays and cases online. You can find examples of all types of topics online and study them so that you can write a medical essay that will not only be able to deliver the right information, but that will also tell a story.UGA Essay samples, education videos, and other coursework development materials are a great resource to help you through your coursework. Use them to hone your skills and prepare for the tests that await you on your way to graduation.

Ethics of Affirmative Action Essay -- Ethics Morals

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society: Staying on the Road to Equality â€Å"We hold these certainties to act naturally apparent, that all men are made equivalent, that they are supplied by their Creator with certain unavoidable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the quest for Happiness† (Declaration of Independence, 1776). Who might envision that in a nation under the sweeping such a splendid, moral and pleased articulation of uniformity, there could be such a great amount of dissention about balance? Our country has deciphered this announcement distinctively since it was composed, and still, in excess of 200 years after the fact, we are headed for a really equivalent society. This is on the grounds that prejudice has its seeds profoundly planted into the historical backdrop of America. Evacuating impression of people groups who are predominant and people groups who are substandard has been a long procedure, from the Emancipation Proclamation to governmental policy regarding minorities in society. It is significant that we remain on this street to equity for all, and keep governmental policy regarding minorities in society up and running.Affirmative activity has its underlying foundations in prejudice as a solution for it, and bigotry has its foundations right back in the provincial and magnificent time. Europeans started finding different landmasses in the fifteenth century, and with new mainlands came better approaches for bringing in cash. Distinctive European nations started to scramble to gain states where they could sell merchandise, misuse work, and fare slaves and crude materials at modest costs. Practically all of Africa became colonialized, with various European forces guaranteeing power over segments of Africa, and soon imperialism spread to numerous new places that were found: the Americas, the Middle East, and later Asia and the Pacific Islands. During the time spent expansionism, the Europeans were exploiting the resour... ...cap happens when we make everything fair? â€Å"No school that has rejected its governmental policy regarding minorities in society program has seen minority enlistment return completely to governmental policy regarding minorities in society levels† (Kranz 26). A definitive objective is to see minorities speak to their populace in training and in the work power, and now, to accomplish that objective, it is increasingly moral to hold the approach of governmental policy regarding minorities in society than to dispense with it. In the expressions of Peter Singer, â€Å"In the nonappearance of all the more encouraging choices it appears to merit a try† (51). Works Cited * Kranz, Rachel. â€Å"Affirmative Action.† Facts on File, Inc., 2002. * Murray, Charles. â€Å"Affirmative Racism.† The New Republic, 1984. * Rachels, James. â€Å"The Elements of Moral Philosophy,† Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, 2003. Vocalist, Peter. â€Å"Practical Ethics,† Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993.

Economic Impacts Of Olympic Games Research Paper - 825 Words

Economic Impacts Of Olympic Games (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Subject:Date of Submission:Economic Impacts Of Olympic GamesTourism could be elucidated as the commercial operation and organization of holidays and tours to areas of interest. The Olympic games are events described by various authors as a hallmark, mega-events, and peripatetic. Mega-events are seen as a gateway for image development and rivalry involving cities for jobs and investments. This always leads to the attraction of visitors to the hosts of the mega-event. It also affects the hostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy by visitor expenditure and the need for developing the services and the social amenities necessary for the visitors. Therefore, Olympic tourism could be elucidated as the attraction of visitors to a given destination as a result of a mega-event that is hosted at the destination. That said, this work discusses the economic effects Olympic tourism by focusing on the 2008 and 2012 Olympics.To begin with, an appraisal of the effect of the Beijing Oly mpics is reported to have had a crucial ripple effect on the Chinese economy. The Chinese invested heavily in the preparations for hosting the Olympic games by improving the infrastructure and also building five star hotels. According to Locate in Kent (29), $ 40 billion was invested in the infrastructure. This transformed Beijingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s city scape into a different city after the Olympics. The Olympics also forced China to develop the advertising, internet, and the sports sectors of her economy. Such investments did not only affect Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economic growth during the Olympics, but it also had long term effects on the Chinese economy. Evidently, the Beijing Olympics had both long term and short term economic effects on the country.According to Klako Group (12), the Chinese economy enjoyed direct, indirect and induced economic effects of the 2008 Olympics. The direct effects were enjoyed by reaping the money that had been invested by the committees that organized the Ol ympics. There were also other committees that had to oversee the games. As a result, these committees had to spend money on booking hotels and meals. Some of the indirect benefits included money spent by visitors on purchasing Chinese goods. Lastly, induced economic effects were the multiplier results of both the direct and indirect effects. The number of tourists to Beijing also arose because of the 2008 Olympics. It is estimated that Beijing received 2.5 million domestic tourists and 600,000 foreign tourists during the Olympics. This represented a growth of 8-9 percent from the previous tourism record. Ultimately, the Olympics also developed a legacy for Beijing. This can increase the sum of tourists after the Olympics.The London Olympics of 2012 also had similar effects on the London economy. According to the Lloyd Banking Group (67), there was a moderate increase in domestic tourism prior to the event. This stresses on the previous idea that the Olympics have direct effects to the hostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy. This owes to the reality that companies that were willing to win contracts for preparing London for the Olympics made their investments prior to the Olympics. There was a decline in the number of foreign tourists prior to the event because most people postponed their visits to coincide with the Olympics. Another effect of the Olympic tourism is that it lowers the amount of profits that a normal tourism season produces. This is because it has been noted that Olympic visitors spent less on non-games related tourism than normal visitors.The Lloyd Bank Group estimated an increase of 2 percentage points of business travel volumes. In fact, the same authors state that over 18 million visitors had visited London prior to the Olympics. This owes to the fact that the Olympic torch was a key tourist attraction prior to the Olympics. There was an influx of tourists during the Olympic period. The total influx of tourists was estimated to reach 45,500. Unfortunately , reports from local hotels and businesses indicated that business fell during the Olympic gam...

Young Goodman Brown And A Cask Of Amontillado Analysis

Young Goodman Brown and A Cask of Amontillado both incorporate a gothic theme to the simple yet intricate plotline they hold. Within the two short stories, irony scatters, adding to the overall grim theme. Although they use the same 3 types of irony, the authors use them differently and similarly at the same time. In Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and A Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe, there are many examples of situational irony that are used comparably in both texts. Dramatic irony is the type of irony that informs the reader of a certain fact that one or more characters in the story may not know. This is quite evident in Young Goodman Brown and A Cask of Amontillado, because of the lack of knowledge that the†¦show more content†¦This is dramatic irony because the reader knows something that a character, in this case, Fortunato, doesn’t know. Young Goodman Brown and A Cask of Amontillado both use dramatic irony but in very different ways. Young Goodman Brown uses dramatic irony to add some comedic relief to the otherwise serious story, while A Cask of Amontillado uses this type of irony to add to the tension in the text. Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and A Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe, although they use it for different purposes. Situational irony is a type of irony that compares the expectations for an event and the real outcome. Situational irony is most times humorous, and this witty irony is present in both Young Goodman Brown and A Cask of Amontillado. Hawthorne’s work, Young Goodman Brown, refers to the concept of heaven and hell, specifically the devil. When Goodman leaves his wife, Faith, to go on a journey, he worries for her. He justifies himself by saying â€Å"Well, she’s a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night I’ll cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven,† (Hawthorne 3). This quote alone has 3 examples of situational irony. First, his wife’s name, Faith, symbolizes how he leaves his town for the devil, and that he is leaving his faith behind. Secondly, Goodman never truly finds outShow MoreRelatedPoe vs Hawthorne1992 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary element he employed, however, would be false. Throughout history, authors have endeavoured to maste r other forms of literary elements, to become the master of those elements, and equal to none in them. By comparing â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† with â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, is to study two masters, at odds with their specific forms of writing, but each a master in his own right. Each story shows how two people that can be so far apart on a scale, can use the same literary elements in similar andRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 Pagesof literature as a dream. Using this technique was said to reveal hidden motivations within the writer. It was an amazing thing that allowed authors to repressed desires by applying psychoanalytic techniques. For example in the famous story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, he uses symbols and feeling throughout the whole story, and things like this really draw in the reader s attention. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sigmund Freud both share an amazing writing technique, they like to re ly onRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

U.s. Should Replace Fossil Fuel With Renewable Energy

Daniel Gomez Professor Melissa Tran English 061 26754 14 November 2016 Renewable Energy The U.S. should replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. There are many reasons that the U.S. can use renewable energy to improve the economy. First of all, renewable energy can have a more stable price. Unlike fossil fuel, renewable energy is a continual source of energy that will not be as demanded, and will not cause inflation. Next, using renewable energy is a key to having a clean and green environment. It will not cause pollution to the environment and will keep cities clean. Finally, the United States can provide more efficient jobs for unemployed workers. People will have more opportunities for jobs like installing or building any source of renewable energy. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy can be more efficient because it will have a stable expense, it is a clean way to help the environment, and it can provide several jobs. Renewable energy can be more affordable to people in the U.S. There are many possible ways it can be more affordable. For example, a renewable energy such as electricity can power automobiles with a be less expensive cost than to power it on fuel. Since fuel is related with international market, the price on fuel often result to inflation and deflation (Leistikow n. pag.). According to the chart on Gasoline vs. eGallon prices, Dan Leistikow compares, â€Å"Fueling your car with gasoline costs roughly 3 times more than fueling with electricity† (n.Show MoreRelatedSaving the Planet, One Panel and Turbine at a Time Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesFossil fuels are starting to be a problem and are slowly killing the Earth. We have other sources which we can use to solve our problems. â€Å"Wind and sunshine are clean, emitting neither the pollutants that cause smog nor the carbon dioxide that contributes to climate change†(Ball n.p.). Renewable energy should replace fossil fuels, because they are cleaner, they have been already working, and they are helping Africa. Renewable energy should replace fossil fuels because they are cleaner. Fossil fuelsRead MoreRenewable Energy : A Path For A Cleaner And More Efficient America1482 Words   |  6 PagesRenewable Energy: A Path To A Cleaner and More Efficient America The U.S. must create new ways of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The benefits of switching over to these sources are endless and so are the life span of these energy sources. Renewable resources have been around since Earth has been created and will continue to be until life on this planet ceases to exist. The clear benefits of adapting to renewable sources of energy are very promising and can continue on to impactRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative energy Can renewable sources of energy effectively replace fossil fuels? Can renewable sourves of energy effecticely replace fossil fuels? Is the question of the century.the answer to this question could profouldly change the world, it could put us In a new era a one for the better. But due to the largest oil and gas companies exxon mobil, royal dutch shell, bp, Sinopec and bureaucracy the steps are not being taken to insure our future. The government is corrupted, State officialsRead MoreWind Energy : One Approach From The Energy Crisis996 Words   |  4 PagesWind Energy: One Approach to the Energy Crisis Introduction The renewable energy from wind energy has become a popular method of producing energy. When the world realized fossil fuel emission are harmful to our atmosphere, many countries started to look toward renewable energy sources. In recent years the U.S. has given tax incentives and tax breaks for using a renewable energy sources. The U.S. has become the leaders in using wind energy for a renewable resources. Even though wind power energyRead MoreShould the U.S. Invest in the Research and Use of Alternative Energies?695 Words   |  3 Pages Alternative energies are the future of power. They will be the power that will sustain human life until the end. This is why the United States government should invests more towards the research and use of alternative energies. Alternative energies are any energy that will replace fossil fuels. Some common alternative energies are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, hydrogen, and biofuels. The U.S. should use those alternative energie s over fossil fuels, Petroleum (oil), coalRead MoreShould Renewable Energy Sources Replace Fossil Fuels? Essay2016 Words   |  9 PagesShould Renewable Energy Sources Replace Fossil Fuels? Polar bears are the most known animals for the impacts of climate change on species. Global warming has been most prominent in the Arctic, and this trend is expected to continue. Their dependence on sea ice makes them highly vulnerable to a changing climate. Polar bears greatly rely on the sea ice environment for traveling, hunting, mating, resting, and in some areas, maternal dens (WWF). Specifically, they depend heavily on sea ice-dependentRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Effect On Our Health1195 Words   |  5 Pages Currently, Fossil fuels are the primary source of energy in Canada because of the inexpensiveness, but they are immensely affecting our society and environment. Fossil fuels have been our primary source of energy from a long time which accounts for a substantial amount of the carbon dioxide in the air. The demand for fossil fuels is still high and the supply is slowly decreasing since we have been using it. We should retire fossil fuels and standardize the use of alternative energy. AlternativeRead MoreThe world depends heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, and while700 Words   |  3 Pages The world depends heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, and while the worlds population and energy consumption continue to increase, the non-renewable resources we need to produce energy will eventually be depleted. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the supply of oil left in the world will last us twenty five more years. One may say that twenty five years is a long time, and by then new sources of fuel will surely have replaced the nonrenewableRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pages people have utilized fossil fuels to power their homes, cars, and businesses. Unfortunately, our stores of fossil fuels are running low, and they have been demonstrated to increase the temperature in the atmosphere and accelerate global warming. As gas prices steadily rise, people need a newer, cleaner source of energy. The alternatives are numerous and would be beneficial to the well being of the whole world. The human race must replace its fossil fuel use with renewable resources in order to prosperRead MoreRenewable Energy Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesRenewable Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed: the first law of conservation of energy. Since the earliest days of human history, man have always been looking forward to control energy. But it wasnt until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that humanity finally learned to harness the high concentration of energy existent in fossil fuels. (Why Sustainable Energy Matters,Learning Space). Even though humans achieved to apply the first law of conservation

Cure for All free essay sample

I have fractured eyes and a jigsaw soul. Years of perusing the stiff, sharp-edged pages of just-bought books have broken and crushed me physically. My eyes are not clear-sighted, despite the endless dishes of squash that my grandmother insisted would cure my deteriorating vision. My spine has curved in subtle ways over time, and perfect posture has always been more of a detested chore than a habit. â€Å"You read too much,† Papa would whisper, pulling away the novel from my hands and locking it inside the cabinet. â€Å"You need to study your lessons.† I’d grown up as a voracious bookworm, spelling giraffe and hippopotamus and balloon while my peers were learning cat and rat and mouse. In my later years I would find a little corner in a library or a bookshop, getting lost in imagined worlds. I would travel to India, go to school at Hogwarts and befriend a lion in the midst of Narnia’s stormy woods. Above all, I was entranced by the infinite possibilities of literature. Literature is a tricky thing. It begins with thought, is expressed through language, is made timeless by publication and ends up being interpreted according to the reader’s perspective. It’s multi-dimensional, encompassing different worldviews and schools of thought, confined only by the limitations of the reader’s understanding. That’s what makes literature so special—it may seem simple, but it also has the ability to morph into something more complex. Just the other day, I came across â€Å"Reading and Guilty Pleasure† by Gary Gutting. The first question in Gutting’s article is this: â€Å"Are some books objectively better than others, or are literary preferences ultimately just matters of subjective taste?† It’s a valid question. I cannot quote a particular set of statistics, but I don’t think it would be too presumptuous of me to say that the number of people who have read Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight are greater than, say, the ones who have read Haruki Murakami’s Hard-boiled Wonderland and the End of the World. It comes down to commercial viability rather than technical skills. Meyer is no Kafka, Twain or Tolkien, and yet she sells. We may argue, time and time again, over which authors are actually good at writing. What we fail to realize is that the interpretation of literature is dependent on the reader’s literacy and cultural background. As a result, the author’s message is not conveyed completely, the same way a constructed building does not quite resemble the original blueprint. Sometimes people would rather read crude jokes about someone’s ass than face a thought-provoking piece written to the point of perfection. Going back to Gutting’s question, I do think that literary preferences are ultimately just matters of subjective taste. People read what they want to read, and what they want to read often depends on the dictates of society. Why is this so important? Why am I fixating on people’s literary tastes and on the correlation of literature and the society? In the words of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, â€Å"The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation.† I don’t mean to imply that our nation is in a state of decline. But if we tweak that quote to have a positive connotation, it will be like this: â€Å"The improvement of literature indicates the improvement of a nation.† Against the backdrop of the ever-evolving 21st century, literature plays an important role in the development of a nation. It begins with how we consume literature: By reading. â€Å"To learn to read is to light a fire.† The words of Victor Hugo cannot be truer. The act of reading is in itself crucial to the enrichment of a nation’s constituents, due to the fact that literacy is often defined as the ability to read and write. We read literature, and learning how to read alone provides a foundation for cultivating an intellectual economy in the country. After all, a country’s most important resource is its people, and in order to develop the Philippines’ inherent human resources, we begin by teaching Filipinos how to read and how to write. Aside from that, reading is vital in the formation of an individual. The scope of literature is broad in nature, and it encompasses so many ideologies. In effect, an individual who reads can relate with the rest of the world and opens his mind to concepts outside of his or her natural sphere of learning. The second key point is that literature is basically a historical record. Even the most outlandish fiction you come across is founded on the ills and projections of society. Literature disseminates information and educates the people. Information is transcribed and printed on hundreds of pages, and these pages are then made available throughout the globe. In the truest sense, literature is the world’s omniscient diary, one which we can peruse in order to study the literary movements over the years, the political treatises which have ripped apart the world, and the progression of society in general. Essentially, literature is the know-it-all kid who everyone hates but secretly copies off of. In short, literature stores knowledge and we use that knowledge to avoid making the same mistakes of humanity in the past. It is a cycle: We read, we understand, and we share what we understand. In the process, literature evolves and expands. Not only does it include the rules and restrictions of society before, it also grows to include society now. This is the most valuable aspect of literature: Its development of a nation by reminding the nation of its own self. In the end, what is a nation without an identity? What is a country without a shared trait? What is a human being without character? I have lived and breathed literature ever since my formative years. I have fractured eyes and maybe a bent spine—physical indications of my journey with literature, and they’ll never go away. But I also have a jigsaw soul, one that is pieced together by patches from each world I’ve visited, each concept I’ve learned, each character I’ve come to love. Literature has changed me the same way it continues to change this nation, this continent, and this world. I have fractured eyes and a jigsaw soul, and I know that I am not the only one. I am not the first, I am not the last, but I am one of the people who believe that literature can make a difference. Perhaps it is the panacea that our nation is looking for.

The Effects Of Fresh Garlic Extract On Acetaminophen Essay Example

The Effects Of Fresh Garlic Extract On Acetaminophen Essay Introduction Oxidative emphasis and lipid peroxidation play cardinal functions in the pathogenesis and patterned advance of several upsets. Cancer, ageing, coronary artery disease, and inflammatory procedures have all been linked to the coevals of reactive O species and toxic metabolites of lipid peroxidation reactions. 1, 2, 3 In many theoretical accounts, depletion of liver glutathione shops and other antioxidant molecules constitute an of import mechanism for the initiation of oxidative emphasis and the attendant harm to biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and the activation of atomic written text factors that may be of import in the coevals of proinflammatory cytokines. Several anti-oxidants have been used in the intervention of oxidative stress-mediated diseases, including vitamins ( C and E ) , carotenoids, and minerals such as Se. 9, 10, 11,12 Besides, ethnomedical patterns have relied on the usage of works merchandises which are now known to incorporate antioxidant secondary metabolites.13 Garlic and garlic merchandises have been employed in medical pattern since antiquity. Assorted pharmacological surveies have besides reported on the benefits of its infusions and merchandises on critical physiological maps including their antioxidant, 14 cardioprotective, 15 hepatoprotective, 16 anticancer 17 and anti-inflammatory effects. 18 However, most of these surveies focused on the usage of aged garlic infusion ( AGE ) or other commercial merchandises. Here we report on the anti-oxidant and anti-lipid peroxidative belongingss of fresh ethanolic infusion of local Ugandan cultivars of Allium sativum in mice theoretical accounts of Datril induced lipid per oxidation and oxidative emphasis. We hypothesize that regular ingestion of fresh Allium sativum could forestall oxidative emphasis and protect against diseases associated with oxidative emphasis and lipid peroxidation reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Fresh Garlic Extract On Acetaminophen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Fresh Garlic Extract On Acetaminophen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Fresh Garlic Extract On Acetaminophen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Collection, Identification, and Processing of Garlic Bulbs. Bulbs of a local assortment of garlic ( Allium sativum L. ) were obtained from Ishaka Town in Western Uganda, and identified by a qualified taxonomer. Cold extraction of the Allium sativum was carried out at room temperature ( 18-22 O C ) as follows: Fresh Allium sativum bulbs were land to a all right paste utilizing a mechanical bomber and 50 g of the paste was put in a 250 milliliter conelike flask and covered with 100 milliliters of 80 % ethyl alcohol, stoppered with cotton wool, and allowed to stand in the dark at room temperature for 48 hours. The ethanolic infusion was filtered off with a Whatman no. paper into pre-weighed evaporating dishes, while the residue in the flask was washed with a farther 100 milliliter of 80 % ethyl alcohol and added to the infusions in the evaporating dishes. The filtrates were so evaporated to a syrupy residue utilizing a rotary extractor at 40 O C. The dishes were so weighed once more on a ternary beam balance and the per centum output was calcula ted as follows: Weight of extract = weight of vaporizing dish after vaporization weight of dish before add-on of infusion ; Percentage output = entire weight of extract ? weight of paste used ( 50 g ) A- 100. The infusions were pooled together into an airtight container and stored refrigerated ( at -4 oC ) until required for usage. For usage, a part of the infusion was weighed and dissolved in normal saline solution. Fresh readyings were made on each twenty-four hours of the experiment. The resulting solutions were injected intraperitonially into the mice. 2. Lab Animals Swiss mice 6-8 hebdomads old weighing 18-32 g were obtained from the Pharmacology Department of the Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda. They were maintained and habituated in plastic coops in the carnal house of the School of Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus for one hebdomad, and so after used for the surveies. The mice had free entree to H2O and were fed standard gnawer pellets ( purchased from a local commercial provider ) ad libitum. Addiction conditions were 12 hour dark/light rhythms, and mean environmental temperature of 20 o C. 3. Acute Toxicity Test and Determination of LD50 The LD50 of the infusion was determined in the mice by the process described by Bernas et Al. ( 2004 ) .19 The assurance interval of the LD50 was estimated by the Litchfield Wilcoxon method utilizing a computing machine software.20 4. Experimental Design Thirty Swiss mice of both sexes were used for the experimental survey. The animate beings were grouped indiscriminately into 6 groups of 5 each and administered with the drugs/extracts as follows: Group I received physiological saline i.p. merely ; group II received acetaminophen 250 mg/kg i.p. individual dosage merely ; group III was given garlic infusion 250 mg/kg for 5 yearss before a individual i.p. dosage of acetaminophen 250 mg/kg ; group IV received 500 mg/kg garlic infusion for 5 yearss before 250 mg/kg Datril ; group V were given 750 mg/kg garlic infusion for 5 yearss before 250 mg/kg Datril ; group VI received 25 mg/kg silymarin for 5 yearss before a individual i.p dosage of acetaminophen 250 mg/kg. The infusion was administered as a individual one time day-to-day dosages, while Datril was administered after 12 hours fast. 5. Sample Collection The mice were sacrificed under quintessence anesthesia, and their livers were obtained from the mice washed with ice cold normal saline, followed by 0.15 M Tris-buffer ( pH 7.4 ) , blotted and weighed. The liver was so homogenized in 0.15 M Tris buffer to a concentration of 10 g per 100ml of homogenate and used for TBARS, glutathione, catalase, and SOD checks. 6. Biochemical Assays Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARS ) in the liver homogenates were estimated by the method of Ohkawa et al 21 as a step of lipid peroxidation reactions. Catalase activities in the homogenates were estimated by the method of Johansson and Borg, 22 ( which depended on the reaction between methyl alcohol and catalase in the presence of H peroxide ) with kits obtained from Calbiochem USA. Superoxide dismutase check was estimated by the method of Kakkar et Al, 23 utilizing kits obtained from Calbiochem. The NWLSS GSH spectrophotometric assay kit was used for the appraisal of glutathione in the homogenates ( Northwest Life Sciences Specialties LLC, USA ) . In this method, 5-5 dithiobis ( 2-Nitrobenzoic acid ) DTNB, reacts with glutathione to organize 5-thionitrobenzoic acid ( TNB ) which has optimum soaking up at a wavelength of 412 nanometers. The maker s protocol was purely followed. 7. Datas Analysis Datas were presented as average AÂ ± criterion mistake of the mean. Statistical analysis was by the one manner analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) utilizing the SPSS version 10 package, and a P value lt ; 0.05 was considered important. Consequence Administration of toxic doses of Datril produced pronounced depletion of the liver glutathione shops and the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and important lift of lipid peroxidation merchandises estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARS ) . Liver glutathione degree in group II was significantly lower than in the negative control ( p lt ; 0.005 ) as are SOD ( P lt ; 0.001 ) and catalase ( p lt ; 0.05 ) . The liver TBARS degree in group II was significantly higher than in group I ( P lt ; 0.005 ) . The disposal of fresh Allium sativa infusion and silymarin protected against these alterations in a dose dependent mode and brought the values to degrees comparable to those of the negative controls ( P gt ; 0.01 ) as shown in table 1 and in figure 1. Table 1:Liver TBARS, GSH, SOD, and CAT of mice in the six groups Group Treatment TBARS ( mM/Kg ) GSH ( ug/mg protein ) Turf ( U/g liver ) CAT ( U/g liver ) I. NEG CONTROL 0.5 Master of Library Science Normal saline i.p. 11.5 Â ± 2.5 48Â ± 4.6 85Â ±6.8 85Â ±4.4 II. POS CONTROL 250 mg/Kg APAP i.p. 26.2 Â ± 1.8 P lt ; 0.005 12Â ±2.4 P lt ; 0.001 14Â ±3.6 P lt ; 0.001 50Â ± 3.9 P lt ; 0.05 III. 250 mg/Kg APAP + 250 mg/Kg garlic infusion 20 Â ±1.2 P lt ; 0.01 27Â ±4.1 P lt ; 0.01 californium. group I P lt ; 0.005 californium. group II 38Â ±2.1 P lt ; 0.001 californium. group I P lt ; 0.005 californium. group II 65Â ± 2.0 P lt ; 0.01 californium. group I P lt ; 0.05 californium. group II Four 250mg/Kg APAP + 500 mg/Kg garlic infusion 15.1 Â ±0.8 P gt ; 0.05 californium. group I ; p lt ; 0.01 californium. group II 32Â ±3.1 P lt ; 0.05 californium. group I P lt ; 0.001 californium. group II 44Â ±1.8 P lt ; 0.01 californium. group I P lt ; 0.0001 californium. group II 74Â ± 1.8 P lt ; 0.05 californium. group I P lt ; 0.005 californium. group II Volt 250 mg/kg APAP + 750 mg/Kg garlic infusion 12.2 Â ± 0.6 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.001 californium. group II 38Â ±2.8 P lt ; 0.05 californium. group I P lt ; 0.001 californium. group II 62Â ±2.5 P lt ; 0.05 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.001 californium. group II 82Â ± 2.4 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.01 californium. group II Six 250 mg/Kg APAP + 25 mg/Kg silymarin 10.8 Â ±0.8 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.005 californium. group II 45Â ±2.9 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.0001 californium. group II 76Â ±4.8 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.005 californium. group II 78Â ±2.5 P gt ; 0.1 californium. group I ; P lt ; 0.000 californium. group II Discussion Natural antioxidants play important functions in the bar and intervention of many organic and inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress.24 Polyphenols and flavonoids that are present in plant-derived merchandises are widely reported to exercise important influences on the remotion of reactive O and N species and have been utile in such diseases as diabetes mellitus and artherosclerosis.25 This survey demonstrated that fresh Allium sativa infusion exerted important protection against oxidative emphasis and lipid peroxidation induced by Datril overdose. It besides showed that fresh Allium sativa preserved liver GSH, and up-regulated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver. These observations are consistent with the ascertained effects of infusions from other workss in continuing liver GSH 26, and more so agrees with the study of Sabaya and others 27 in the relation to the action of Allium sativa infusion on valproic acid induced hepatotoxicity. In this re gard, Allium sativa mimics the activities of cysteine prodrugs such as N-acetyl cysteine ( NAC ) and S-adenosyl methionine ( SAM ) , which are known to continue liver GSH degrees in Datril hepatotoxicity 28, 29. It is besides possible that the infusion prevented GSH depletion by forestalling NAPQI formation in Datril overdose. The mechanism here could be suppression of enzymes of stage I metabolism, notably CYP2E1 and CYP3A, which are the primary enzymes responsible for acetaminophen biotransformation into NAPQI. Greenbaltt et al30 have shown that certain H2O soluble components of aged Allium sativum can suppress CYP3A in normal human liver microsomes. It has been suggested that drugs which can cut down cytochrome P450 mediated NAPQI formation such as Co chloride, Tagamet, and piperonyl butoxide could protect the liver against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity 31, 32. Several studies have besides shown that isothiocyanate and allyl sulphide compounds of Allium sativa inhibited cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2E1 that act in stage I metamorphosis of acetaminophen 33, 34 Besides, several other surveies have reported that Allium sativa and Allium cepa ( onion ) organic sulfides are capable of hei ghtening glutathione S transferase activity in the liver,35 and isothiocyanate is a really powerful inducer of stage II metabolizing enzymes such as quinone reductase and glutathione -S transferase.36, 37 Allium sativa may besides speed up NAPQI elimination by supplying substrates that are required for its junction. Such substrates may include thiol ( organosulphure ) compounds, aminic acids, and sulphate ions. It may besides accomplish this by increasing NAPQI binding to glucuronic acid.38 Investigation of these possibilities requires surveies of the pharmacokinetics of NAPQI in animate beings having Allium sativa infusion, and the effects of Allium sativa infusion on cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for NAPQI metamorphosis. GSH saving could ensue from the supply of substrates for GSH biogenesis by the Allium sativa infusion. Allium sativa is known to incorporate organic sulfides such as S-allyl cysteine ( SAC ) and S-allyl mercaptocysteine ( SAMC ) which could be utilized for GSH biogenesis ( 221,222 ) . Allium sativa infusion besides contains dially sulphide ( DAS ) and diallyl disulphide ( DADS, known to hold strong cut downing belongingss ) , and allixin, antioxidant minerals ( e.g. Se ) , and fructosyl amino acids such as fructosyl glutamic acid and fructosyl arginine.39, 40 Administration of fresh Ugandan Allium sativum infusion prevented lipid peroxidation and depletion of liver glutathione shops and antioxidant enzymes in mice. Regular ingestion of Ugandan Allium sativum would therefore protect the organic structure against the toxic effects of oxidative emphasis and protect from assorted diseases which are known to be associated with oxidative emphasis. Mentions Waris G, Ahson H. Reactive O species: function in the development of malignant neoplastic disease and assorted chronic conditions. J Carcinog 2006 ; 4:14. Dugan LL, Quick KL. Reactive O species and aging: Evolving inquiries. Sci Aging Knowl Environ 2005 ; 2005 ( 26 ) :20. Prasad K, Kalra J. Oxygen free groups and hypercholesterolaemic coronary artery disease: consequence of vitamine E. Am Heart J 1993 ; 125 ( 4 ) :958-73. Battino M, Bullon P, Wilson M, Newman H. Oxidative hurt and inflammatory periodontic diseases: The challenge of anti-oxidants to free groups and reactive O species. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999 ; 10 ( 4 ) :458-576. Berlett BS, Stadtman ER. Protein oxidization in aging, disease and oxidative emphasis. J Biol Chem 1997 ; 272:20313-20316. Henle ES, Linn S. Formation, bar and fix of DNA harm by iron/hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 1997 ; 272:19095-19098 Jacobson MD. Reactive O species and programmed cell decease. Swerve In Biochemical Sciences ( TIBS ) 1996 ; 21:83-86. Morimoto RI. Cells in emphasis: transcriptional activation of heat daze cistrons. Science 1993 ; 259:1409-141. Braughler JM, Pregenzer JF. The fresh 21-aminosteroid inhibitors of lipid peroxidation: reactions with lipid peroxyl and phenoxy groups. Free Radic Biol Med 1989 ; 7:125-130. Nweke I, Ohaeri OC, Ezeala C. Effect Of Vitamin On Malondialdehyde And Glutathione Levels In Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians.The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness.2009 Volume 7 Number 2. Paiva SA, Russell RM. Beta-carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. J Am Coll Nutr.1999 ; 18 ( 5 ) :426-33 Burk RF. Selenium, an antioxidant food. Nutr Clin Care.2002 ; 5 ( 2 ) :75-9 Wolfe KL, Kang X, He X, Dong M, Zhang Q, Liu RH. Cellular antioxidant activity of common fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2008 ; 56 ( 18 ) :8418-842. Borek C. Antioxidant wellness effects of aged garlic infusion. Journal of Nutrition.2001 ; 131:1010S-1015S. Mukherjee S, Banerjee SK, Maulik M, Dinda AK, Talwa KK, Maulik SK. Protection against acute adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity by Allium sativum: Function of endogenous antioxidants and suppression of TNF-a look BMC Pharmacol.2003 ; 3: 16. Ezeala CC, I. N. Nweke IN, Unekwe PC, El-Safty IA, Nwaegerue E. Fresh Garlic Extract Protects The Liver Against Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity.The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness.2009 Volume 7 Number 1 Green OC, Polydoris NG. Garlic, malignant neoplastic disease and bosom disease: Reappraisal and recommendations. Chicago, IL: GN Communications ; 1993. p. 21-41. Sohn DW, Han CH, Jung YS, Kim SI, Kim SW, Cho YH. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobic effects of garlic and interactive consequence between Allium sativum and Cipro in a chronic bacterial prostatitis rat theoretical account. Int J Antimicrob Agents.2009 Apr 16. [ Epub in front of print ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375896 Bernas GC, Gonzales RE, Solevilla RC, Ysrael MC. Pharmacology-Toxicology. In: Guevara BQ, editor. A guide book to works showing: Phytochemical and biological. Santo Tomas Philippines: Research Centre for Natural Sciences, university of Santo Tomas ; 2004. P. 103-132. Litchfield JT, Wilcoxon F. A simplified method of measuring dose-effect experiments. J Pharm Exp Ther 1949 ; 96 ( 2 ) :99-113. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animate being tissues by thiobarbituric acerb reaction. Anal Biochem 1957 ; 95:357-358. Johansson LH, Borg LAH. A spectrophotometric method for finding of catalase activity in little tissue samples. Anal Biochem 1988 ; 174:331-336. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified spectrophotometric check of superoxide dismutase. Ind J Biochem Biophys 1984 ; 21:130-132. Barclay L, Lie D. Antioxidants cut down hurting, oxidative emphasis in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2009 ; 136:149-159. Kamalakkannan N, Ponnalan SMP. Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effects of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic winster rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006 ; 98 ( 1 ) :97-103 Jagatha B, Mythri RB, Vali S, Bharath MM. Curcumin intervention alleviates the effects of glutathione depletion in vitro: curative deductions for Parkinson s disease explained via in silico surveies. Free Rad Biol Med 2008 ; 44 ( 5 ) :907-17. Sabayan B, Foroughinia F, Chohedry A. A postulated function of garlic organosulfur compounds in bar of valproic acerb hepatotoxicity. Med Hypotheses 2007 ; 68 ( 3 ) :512-4. Corcoran GB, Wong BK. Role of glutathione in bar of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in vivo: surveies with N-acetyl-D-cysteine in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986 ; 238 ( 1 ) :54-61. Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, Rumack BH. Efficacy of unwritten N-Acetylcysteine in the intervention of acetominophen overdose: analysis of the national multi-center survey ( 1976 to 1985 ) . New Engl J Med 1988 ; 319:1557-1562. Greenbaltt DJ, Leigh-Pemberton RA, von Molthke LL. In vitro interactions of H2O soluble garlic constituents with human cytochrome P450. J Nutr 2006 ; 136:806S-809S. Madhu C, Gregus Z, Klaassen CD. Biliary elimination of acetaminophen-glutathione as an index of toxic activation of Datril: consequence of chemicals that alter acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989 ; 248 ( 3 ) :1069-1077. Dalhoff K, Poulsen HE. Inhibition of acetaminophen oxidization by Tagamet and the effects on glutathione and activated sulfate synthesis rates. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993 ; 73 ( 4 ) :215-218. Ioannides C. Effect of diet and nutrition on the look of cytochromes P450. Xenobiotica 1999 ; 29 ( 2 ) :109-154. Park KA, Kweon S, Choi H. Anticarcinogenic consequence and alteration of cytochrome P450 2E1 by dietetic garlic pulverization in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rat hepato-carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Biol 2002 ; 35 ( 6 ) :615-622. Guyonnet D, Belloir C, Suschetet M, Siess MH, Le Bon AM. Mechanisms of protection against aflatoxin B1 genotoxicity in rats treated by organosulfur compounds from garlic. Carcinogenesis 2002 ; 23:1335-1341. Andorfer JH, Tchaikovskaya T, Listowsky I. Selective look of glutathione S-transferase cistrons in the murine GI piece of land in response to dietetic organosulfur compounds Carcinogenesis 2004 ; 25 ( 3 ) :359-367. Davies MH, Schnell RC. Oltipraz-induced betterment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in hamsters. II. Competitive shunt in metamorphosis via glucuronidation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 ; 109 ( 1 ) :29-40. Ide N, Lau BH. Garlic compounds protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidized low denseness lipoprotein-induced hurt. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997 ; 49:908-911. OBrein J, Gillies DG. Merchandise of the milliard reaction in aged garlic infusion are antioxidants. Newport Beach CA: Nutrition and Health Benefits of Garlic as a Supplement Conference ; 1998. P. 66 ( Abstract ) .

The Elizabethan Era Essays

The Elizabethan Era Essays The Elizabethan Era Essay The Elizabethan Era Essay The Elizabethan Era is named after the greatest Queens of England, Queen Elizabeth I. The era of the first theatres in England, where great writers like William Shakespeare showed their creations. Shakespeare’s work is still important in the English literature and he is one of the most important writers of all time. Nowadays, people still try to understand every detail of his work, which is hard because there is not that much information about the life of Shakespeare. Luckily there are other ways to understand his work, having knowledge about the time in which Shakespeare lived will give a lot of information about his work. That is why knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Firstly, to understand the work of a writer it is important to get to know that writer. The most important thing is to know in which time they lived and what upbringing they got. A writer does not simply write a story out of nothin g. A writer gets inspiration, and with that inspiration they get started. Writers are heavily influenced by their surroundings, their upbringing and their religion, so that is were a lot of inspirations comes from. Because of Shakespeare’s upbringing, which was in the Reformation, he wrote about themes like redemption and atonement. Especially in some plays he wrote these themes are important. These themes has to do with thing that were important in the time in which Shakespeare lived. Because of this, having knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Secondly, to understand Shakespeare people need to understand the language in which he writes. Obviously his work is written in English, but language is a living, breathing entity and over 400 years there have been significant changes in the way we write and speak English. In the Elizabethan Era the English language was different from what it is nowadays. Getting to understand that language is one key to success in understanding Shakespeare. Learning more about the Elizabethan Era will also give you more information about the language what was used in that era. Therefore having knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. In conclusion, it is important to have sufficient knowledge of the Elizabethan Era for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Writers are influenced by their surroundings and so the time in which they live. Another important thing to understanding a writer is to understand the language his work is written, the language is, of course, influenced by the time in which it is written. Therefore when people want to understand the work of Shakespeare, it is important for them to have sufficient knowledge of the Elizabethan Era.

Transformational Leadership in Sianguna Highschool Case Study

Transformational Leadership in Sianguna Highschool - Case Study Example Siangua Highschool implements a leadership system wherein the all stakeholders participate through a school committee called the Site Council. The Principal acts as a facilitator. In this leadership system all are encouraged to participate and thus are given the opportunity to voice out their ideas, concerns and suggestions. This is the very essence of transformational leadership wherein "the leader must master the process that involves a whole organization in what amounts to a collective creation." Because of the need to get everybody involved, active participation cannot be avoided. Hence, with everybody given time to voice their thought, debates, and a lot of discussions ensue before plans or decisions are reached. Interviews contained in the report evidences that there are a lot of e-mails, messages, memos are passed prior to every meeting thus are just part of the additional costs that the school has to suffer. Processes are lengthened such that before a decision is reached on a n issue it will have to pass through a lot of debates and discussion. Thus by the time a decision is reached the same may be too late to pass upon urgent matters. The possible solution to hasten the process of decision making is to create small groups to address specific concerns.

Free Market System and Arguments in its Favour Assignment

Free Market System and Arguments in its Favour - Assignment Example In the fee market system, prices are also set by supply and demand, and there is no government intervention. Resources are allocated based on demand of those resources and their supply. The term ‘free market’ refers to the freedom from governmental control and regulations. Market forces set regulation themselves through supply and demand. Arguments given in favour of free market system will be discussed in this section. It is important to understand the concept of supply and demand if we want to understand free market system of resource allocation. Supply refers to the quantity of product that can be supplied by firms. Demand refers to the quantity of product demanded by the consumers. The place where demand and supply curves intersect is called equilibrium price. In free market system resources are allocated through supply demand curves only with no intervention of government. Source: www.learngoldcoins.com Proponents of free market system argue that markets balance or correct themselves and there is no need for any government intervention. According to Adman Smith, an invisible hand balances supply and demand forces and maintains equilibrium (Smith, 1776, Book IV). Invisible hand refers to the ability of the market to balance itself without government intervention, and this is the essence of free market system of resource allocation. ... If a business is profitable other firms will enter into that business driving the profits down and therefore monopolies cannot exist in a free market system. This is one of the biggest advantages of a free market system of resource allocation. Absence of monopolies and cartels is the first argument given in favour of free market system. Efficiency is another advantage of free market system. When price setting is left to market forces, firms operate efficiently using all their resources to produce at lowest possible prices. Increased efficiency is the direct outcome of competition and free market system promotes competition. All firms are free to enter into any business they want and consumers also have a wide range of products and services to go to. There is no government help or intervention therefore firms have to work out a production system that maximizes output and lower costs. This is how free market system of resource allocation promotes efficiency. Another advantage of free m arket system is that consumers have access to a variety of products and services. Whenever there is a demand it is met with supply and this allows consumers to get a wide range of products and services. When production and investment decisions are made by market forces instead of government, resource allocation is done in such a way that benefits the whole society. People generally make economic decisions that are in their interests and therefore through free market system of resource allocation an equitable system is created which benefits the overall benefit of the society. It is argued that people, and not government, know what is in their best interests and therefore resources should be allocated through free market system. In free

Business continuity Essay Example for Free

Business continuity Essay Just in time concept is a lean operation concept applied in supply chain management where an enterprise strives to produce only what is needed, whenever it is needed and in the amount that is needed. It allows for efficient production of quality products through complete waste elimination, avoidance of inconsistencies and also elimination of non-value addition activities within the production line. (Lieb Miller 1988) According to (Stank Crum 1997) the wastes that are eliminated are related to labour, where over staffing is a waste, time, in this case idle time or use of extra time to accomplish a goal is considered waste. Just in time concept emphasizes on customer requests and avoids making decisions based on forecast. In this concept, inventory is considered as an additional cost to the process. Traditionally, it would be considered to be value adding in the system. In this case, businesses and organisations are advised to eliminate any form of inventory that does not impact any additional value to the product. The just in time concept has various benefits to a business firm or enterprise. The benefits include an improvement in the flow of goods into, within and from the warehouse. There is also better planning and consistency in the organisation. Manpower can be reduced when production process has stopped mainly due to planned shut downs for maintenance, stocktaking activities, or any other reason (Stank Crum 1997). This helps the enterprise to save on cost related to labour and other production overheads. When an organisation adopts the JIT concept and implements it, it helps in the production of better quality products and also increases the efficiency of production. All the aforementioned benefits are customer oriented. We therefore realise from the benefits customer satisfaction is enhanced. This in turn has an impact on customer loyalty and improved sales by the organisation. The net effect of this is improved profits by the organisation (Swamidass 2000). Despite having all the above benefits, the outcome of the terror attacks on September 11 has cast a lot of doubt on the just in time (JIT) concept deliveries in the supply chain. In a supply chain, each organisation along the chain depends upon a supplier and therefore in case of a hitch along the chain, the repercussions are felt along the whole chain. Before the September 11 attack the â€Å"JIT† was comfortably applicable and implemented to various businesses. Until this time, overstocking was avoided and components were delivered to the right place at the right time and in the right form with no hitch. Piling of inventory was avoided and production processes proceeded smoothly. However, the events of September 11 reversed all these, there were delays caused by grounding of aircrafts and also a longer time was required for border inspections. Transport on land was also highly affected. As an example, due to these interruptions, commodities destined for the Gap, Banana republic and the old navy stores ended up to a warehouse next to an airport. The business environment, both external and internal will always be fluctuating. External environment like the impact from natural calamities e. g. hurricanes, snow, storms, floods, earthquakes and internal environments like strikes, affect business operations. Therefore, for an organisation with a JIT system, in case of any fluctuation in the business environment, the supply chain will be disrupted and therefore flow of products downstream will not be realized (McClenahen Jusko 2001). For a sudden change in the business environment, the shocks will be felt throughout the supply chain. There will be a gap that will be created along the chain at the point where the fluctuation is highly felt. It is a noble idea for businesses to consider having some safety stock on hand at each link of supply chain, which will take care of the emergencies in case of any eventuality. Since a supply chain consists of a network/series of suppliers and consumers, a hitch on one supplier side will affect the consumer who is also a supplier to the next consumer. Therefore in a business that has adopted the JIT system, it might end up being grounded because of lack of inventory to process or sell to the next stage of the chains. It is therefore highly recommended for such businesses to develop a Just in case system, a system that allows for a safety supplies that will take care of any eventualities. Even though the JIT system has a number of shortcomings in case of shocks within the supply chain, it is important to note that organisations can still implement JIT and maintain an attractive supply chain with lean inventories even during emergencies. To achieve this, one of the moves that a firm can make is locate where there is stock piling of inventories (Lu Kyokai 1989). Firms can have most of its inventories stocked next to or near their locations. This will help overcome the problems due to shipment or air transport in case these modes of transport are affected. A firm can also consider having more than one supplier for a given commodity, this will be a second option during emergency situations. For an organisation to succeed in its implementation of the JIT system, major changes within the organisation need to be undertaken. The top management need to show commitment and offer full support. They are also required to lead from the front if the benefits of the JIT system are to be realised. The adoption and implementation of the JIT system will substantially affect the mode and criteria through which carriers and other logistics services providers will be recruited by the organisation. Organisations should be able to come up with service providers who are very efficient so as to pass on the efficiency downstream the supply chain. The just in time concept is highly dependent on the speed and efficiency with which products are moving at along the chain. It is therefore worthy to mention that the JIT system will highly affect the style of operations in the logistics industry. The number of logistics service providers to be recruited will also be determined by the success of the JIT system. According to (Ian 1988), constant and effective communication between business firms and their suppliers is another important factor that will affect the future of JIT in the global business environment. The quality of information that will be conveyed should also be put into consideration. The right information should be conveyed to the right place, at the right time and to the right person. A successful implementation of the JIT system in the future will highly depend on additional training of the implementing personnel (Abuhilal, Rabadi, Sousa-Poza 2006). A lot of emphasise should be on the training of the personnel that are directly involved in the implementation of the JIT concept. This should not be taken to mean that other employees in the organisation should not be trained. An elaborate training plan on this system should be unveiled and the concerned departments or functions for example, production, logistics, marketing should be given intense training. The major areas to be considered should include: policies on JIT system, communication skills and training on commitment to the principles of JIT. The future of the just in time (JIT) system in the global environment will highly depend on the level of technology that will be embraced by an organisation. This includes both in machinery and other office operations. Adoption of improved technology for material handling is a key area that firms need to look at. They should consider embracing cross docking or flowing inventory through a distribution centre. With an improved material handling facility, the businesses can absorb shocks easily in the event that there is disruption in the supply chain (Kreng Wang 2005) The use of information technology is in inventory management is particularly crucial if the growth and success of the JIT system is to be guaranteed. Business organisations should utilise information technology resources both in hardware and software so as to enhance the success of the JIT system. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) modules should be adopted for inventory management and controls within the organisation. Internet resources should be highly utilised for an effective JIT system. The most applicable resources include e-procurement, e- marketing. e-banking and e-mailing. When an organisation conducts procurement via internet, a variety of goods both in terms of quality and quantity may be obtained. The business deal is also conducted in an accelerated speed. Marketing via the internet allows for the organisation to reach many customers within a very short time and hence improve on the organisation’s sales. Internet banking allows for faster business transactions hence delays associated with payments are reduced and therefore the supply chain is protected from such delays (Hale 1997). To ensure that the intended results of the JIT concept are achieved, it is important for firms doing business together along a given supply chain be proactive in their operations. By being proactive, it means that a consumer should be involved directly in what their supplier is producing. The consumers should be involved in product design so as to have a product of their own making. On the hand it is very important for the suppliers to follow up and find out how their products are serving the customers. This will help in the elimination of ripples along the chain and hence easy implementation of the JIT system. The players in the supply chain should develop a culture of sharing problems when they occur at a particular point of the supply chain, this in a nutshell will reduce the overall effect that the problem would have on the entire supply chain (Titone 1996). The just in case system is another approach that will have an impact on the future of JIT system in the global environment. It is very important for firms to have a buffer stock that can bail it out when events in the supply chain don’t seem to be favourable. The idea of having safety stocks for emergency times should not be confused by firms holding inventories. It is a different concept from overstocking.

Minimalism Essay example -- Essays Papers

Minimalism In order to understand minimal artists’ tendency to produce objects and not images, we need to define minimalism. Michael Delahunt at Artlex (1) refers to minimalism as â€Å"A twentieth century style of art stressing the idea of reducing a work of art to the minimum number of colors, values, shapes, lines and textures†. But I think this definition does not completely reflect what minimal artists did. They did not get interested in ‘complex’ things as colors, values, lines etc. They preferred objects to images or I would rather say ‘brushstrokes’. Because that they believed that â€Å"less is more†, even brushstrokes were too much for them. Minimalists were against self expression. They wanted to use the meaning a ready made object already has in it. This was totally suitable for their purpose of using minimum effort and material for an artwork. Preparing an image would consume too much of the artists’ time and effort. And what’s more, it would have self expression in it. They also believed that art could be concieved by mind before execution. That is, one must be able to explain an artwork to another who hasn’t seen it. For example Mohology-Nagy gave instructions by phone to a factory for one of his works(2). This can be thought as a instruction manual for an artwork (I think we can call minimalism as D.I.Y. art!). But you can’t do this kind of art with a painting. Can you think of it? â€Å"put some yellow there, mix red with brown and put it on the tree with ...

Kings Speech

Jordan Blume Blume 1 22/09/11 The Kings Speech Review Refurbished History The King’s Speech is a moving film which provides viewers with an auto- biographic view on King George VI’s reign to power. Set in the 1930’s, The King’s Speech accurately conveys a believable setting and experience through the acting and camera work. Every emotion portrayed by the characters can be witnessed and felt first hand. One can literally feel for the characters and perhaps even relate at some points. Berty’s stubborn and quick tempered personality make it difficult for him to succeed, until he meets Lionel, an elderly man who sees something in Berty, the potential for greatness. Lionel stands by Berty; helping and pushing him outside his comfort zone, trying to eliminate or at least control his speech impediment. The title of King George VI is Berty’s and with Lionel’s help, the two work to overcome the odds and live up to the standards that are king. The Kings Speech is deserving of all the awards it received because it is a great movie. The historical content is accurately portrayed through flawless acting, sensual music, and lessons that anyone can learn from and appreciate. The visual and emotional experience overwhelms viewers making this an enjoyable and award deserving movie. Blume 2 After watching The Kings Speech, one could say that it had an unexpected appeal to it; not something that you would normally like, but did for some reason. Its easily seen the time and energy that was put into the movie, as the scenes all flowed nicely, the music matched what was happening, and the emotions were felt beyond the screen. Even the camera work is well done and edited in a way which strengthens the overall finished product. â€Å"This is art, not just cinema. He doesn't frame everyone in the middle or even just to one side or another, he uses the colors, the atmosphere, the sets, every detail on the walls and everything around them to bring the entire frame, and subsequently the entire film, to life with a stunning elegance. [Alex Billington] Tom Hooper, the director, was nominated for Best Director, and won rightfully so. He adequately transformed history into a present day master piece, while still accurately displaying past events truthfully and with great detail. Drama films tend to drag on, not keeping the attention of most for very long, this is not the case with The Kings Speech. The character Lionel, although not th e main character, kept the movie going at a good pace with his witty humour, always sarcastic tone, and comforting personality. Berty’s character, on the other hand, rectified the same feelings only in a different manner. Berty is a negative character, while Lionel is more positive, and viewers can without doubt feel the struggle the future king has to go through. Anxiety, pressure, doubt, and giving up are all aspects which can be felt outside the screen. A good film is able to make the audience think and feel alongside the characters on the screen. The Kings Speech definitely does this through great acting, directing, and the obvious time and energy spent creating this masterpiece. Blume 3 The title that is King, is passed down from generation to generation, granted that its kept in the family. This is what happened in The Kings Speech, which is based off true events. Colin Firth plays the king, and all throughout the duration of the film we see him partaking in what seems to be a life or death struggle, with his stammer. He was born into a royal family, which didn’t help the situation at all, and thus is expected to fulfill his duty with speeches and public matters. â€Å"The highest of distinctions, is service to others. [King George VI] One will notice that after it is official Berty is to become king, the characters struggle seems to take an immense downward spiral, until meeting his speech therapist and future friend; Lionel. The kings stammer seems to have rooted from past events, which haunt him to the present day. This could perhaps hold true, as Berty becomes disoriented and defensive when being pushed outside his comfort zone. Nevertheless, Li onel does just this, allowing Berty to do things he never thought possible. Berty and Lionel share a unique bond; that which is different yet more recognizable, from the other characters in The Kings Speech. They meet early on, when characters are still being introduced, thanks to Berty’s wife; Elizabeth, who sought out help for her troubled husband. An unlicensed speech therapist, being Lionel, decides to take on the King’s problem after meeting with him. The two clash heads initially until things start to take a turn for the better. Berty has an impulse which tells him he cant do things, whilst Lionel is that voice that is pushing him and telling him that he can in fact overcome his mental block. â€Å"-who’s unconventional techniques helped the second in line Blume 4 o the British throne gain his ’voice‘. † [Gloria Goodale] Berty seems to think that he is unable to beat his flaw, damaging his ego more every time he fails. Prior to Lionel, his therapists seemed to only target the direct problem without going deeper to find out why the problem exists in the first place. In order to dig deeper, Lionel pushes Berty outside of his comfort zone which he carefully built up over the years, allowing Lionel deeper entry into the problems core. It takes a strong mind to deal with mental and psychological issues, and an even stronger mind to overcome those burdens. Berty, or rightfully; King George VI, beat the odds and overcame his underdog status by allowing his problem to be explored and treated by the right person. The Kings Speech is not only a movie, its an enjoyable experience for the eyes, ears, and mind. Through stunning and artistic camera work, to superfluous directing, this film is more then worthy of the awards it received; including best picture, best director, best actor and best original screenplay. Emotions can be felt outside the screen and within the viewers as they witness the cinematic masterpiece that is The Kings Speech. The director, screenplay writer, editors, and actors all deserve the awards they received for their marvellous and exorbitant performances. After taking into account all that has been noted, one must make the decision themselves; but over all, it cannot be argued that the Kings Speech is a movie that will go down in history. Works Cited Blume 5 Billington, Alex. Toronto Review: Tom Hooper's Exceptional ‘The King's Speech'. September 20. 2010. 20/09/2011 Brit Royals. Royal Family History. (King George VI) 20/09/2011 Goodale, Gloria. The Real Story Behind ‘The Kings Speech’. The Christian Science Monitor. February 16. 2011 19/09/2011

Understand the Meaning of Heterozygous

In diploid organisms, heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a specific trait. An allele is a version of a gene or specific DNA sequence on a chromosome. Alleles are inherited through sexual reproduction as the resulting offspring inherit half of their chromosomes from the mother and half from the father. The cells in diploid organisms contain sets of homologous chromosomes, which are paired chromosomes that have the same genes at the same positions along each chromosome pair. Although homologous chromosomes have the same genes, they may have different alleles for those genes. Alleles determine how particular traits are expressed or observed. Example: The gene for seed shape in pea plants exists in two forms, one form or allele for round seed shape (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). A heterozygous plant would contain the following alleles for seed shape: (Rr). Heterozygous Inheritance The three types of heterozygous inheritance are complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance. Complete Dominance: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each trait, and those alleles are different in heterozygous individuals. In complete dominance inheritance, one allele is dominant and the other is recessive. The dominant trait is observed and the recessive trait is masked. Using the previous example, round seed shape (R) is dominant and wrinkled seed shape (r) is recessive. A plant with round seeds would have either of the following genotypes: (RR) or (Rr).  A plant with wrinkled seeds would have the following genotype: (rr). The heterozygous genotype (Rr) has the dominant round seed shape as its recessive allele (r) is masked in the phenotype.Incomplete dominance: One of the heterozygous alleles does not completely mask the other. Instead, a different phenotype is seen that is a combination of the phenotypes of the two alleles. An example of this is the pink flower color in snapdragons. The allele that produces red flower color (R) is not completely expressed over the al lele that produces white flower color (r). The result in the heterozygous genotype (Rr) is a phenotype that is a mixture of red and white, or pink.Codominance: Both of the heterozygous alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype. An example of codominance is AB blood type inheritance. The A and B alleles are expressed fully and equally in the phenotype and are said to be codominant. Heterozygous vs. Homozygous An individual that is homozygous for a trait has alleles that are similar. Unlike heterozygous individuals with different alleles, homozygotes produce only homozygous offspring. These offspring may be either homozygous dominant (RR) or homozygous recessive (rr) for a trait. They may not have both dominant and recessive alleles. In contrast, both heterozygous and homozygous offspring may be derived from a heterozygote (Rr). The heterozygous offspring have both dominant and recessive alleles that may express complete dominance, incomplete dominance, or codominance. Heterozygous Mutations Sometimes, mutations can occur on chromosomes that change the DNA sequence. These mutations are typically the result of either errors that happen during meiosis or by exposure to mutagens. In diploid organisms, a mutation that occurs on only one allele for a gene is called a heterozygous mutation. Identical mutations that occur on both alleles of the same gene are called homozygous mutations. Compound heterozygous mutations occur as a result of different mutations that happen on both alleles for the same gene.